Every mark in GCSE English Literature comes from one of four Assessment Objectives. Understanding what each one tests is the first step to targeting your writing.
These are the four skills your answers are marked on. Every paragraph you write should hit AO1 and AO2, and most should include AO3. Not every question tests all four: see Marks by Paper below.
There are two exams. Here is what is in each one, how the marks are split between the Assessment Objectives, and how long we recommend you spend on each section.
Your Shakespeare play
One essay: start with a printed extract, then write about the play as a whole.
Your 19th-century novel
One essay: start with a printed extract, then write about the novel as a whole.
Your modern play or novel
One essay from a choice of two. There is no extract: write about the whole text.
Your anthology cluster
Compare one named poem (printed on the paper) with one other poem from your cluster, from memory.
Two poems you have not seen before: the same for everyone
Two questions: an essay on the first poem, then a shorter comparison with the second.
These exams are tough because there is a lot to get through in the time allowed. That is why it is vital you know how long to spend on each question. Overrunning on one question will cost you marks on the questions that follow, so go into each exam already knowing your timings.